Comma before ‘because’ in English

by Jakub Marian

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“Because” introduces a dependent clause that almost always contains essential information (the whole sentence would sound incomplete without it), so just like before “that” and similar conjunctions, we usually don’t use a comma, as in

correct I must leave now because my boss asked me to help him.
see below I must leave now, because my boss asked me to help him.

The latter example is grammatically correct but implies that the fact that your boss asked you to help him is not importantbut why mention it then? A good rule of thumb is: If you don’t feel the need to put the clause starting with “because” in parentheses, don’t use a comma.

There is one important class of exceptions, however. When the first clause is negative, not affirmative, it is often recommended to use a comma to avoid possible misreading. The Chicago Manual of Style gives the following example:

He didn’t run, because he was afraid.

This sentence can only be interpreted as “He didn’t run, and the reason was that he was afraid.” If we don’t use a comma, it can be misunderstood as, “The reason why he ran wasn’t that he was afraid”, as in

He didn’t run because he was afraid. He ran because he enjoys running.

If the meaning is clear even without a comma, you can omit it, but you should use a comma whenever the first reading can result in misunderstanding.

Note that if the order of the because-clause and the main clause is reversed, we always use a comma, just like for “if”:

correct Because he was afraid, he didn’t run.
wrong Because he was afraid he didn’t run.

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