Word order in questions in English

by Jakub Marian

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Word order in questions in English is something people usually get used to very fast, but it may become confusing in connection with subordinate clauses. There are two types of questions in English:

The yes–no questions

These questions are most commonly of the following form:

Does someone do something?

and its variants in different tenses, such as

Will she go to the cinema?
Has Peter finished the essay?
Are you watching porn?!

Whenever there’s an auxiliary verb in a sentence that is not a question and just carries information (so called declarative sentences, for example “will” in “she will go to the cinema”), the auxiliary verb takes the first place in the corresponding yes-no question. However, when there is no auxiliary verb in the declarative sentence, we still use the verb “do” in a question:

correct Do you want to go to the cinema?
wrong You want to go to the cinema?
wrong Want you to go to the cinema?

Yes–no questions are phrased differently for the verb “to be”:

Is something so?

that is, we never use the auxiliary verb “do”:

correct Is it green?
wrong Does it be green?
correct Were you there?
wrong Did you be there?

However, in tenses where there is an auxiliary verb, it is still there in questions:

Will you be mad?
Has it been prepared?
Are you being served?

Why, where, when questions

The second class of questions are of the following form:

Why does someone do something?

where, of course, “Why” can be replaced by “Where”, “When”, “How” etc. In fact, these questions look exactly the same as yes–no questions; the only difference is the one word at the beginning:

However, in tenses where there is an auxiliary verb, it is still there in questions:

Why will you be mad?
How has it been prepared?
By whom are you being served?

Again, don’t forget the auxiliary verb “do”:

correct Why do you go there?
wrong Why you go there?
wrong Why go you there?
If we ask about the subject by using “what” or “who”, they already serve as the subject in the question, and the structure is as follows:
Who is she?
What killed him?

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